Understanding Testosterone Levels In PCOS: What’s Normal And What’s Not

Key Takeaways:

• The Relationship Between Testosterone And PCOS: Elevated testosterone levels are a common symptom of PCOS, leading to various health challenges such as hirsutism, acne, and fertility issues.¹
• The Essentials For Managing PCOS Symptoms: Understanding and monitoring hormonal imbalances, like elevated testosterone, is crucial for managing PCOS symptoms and improving overall well-being.¹
• Balancing Testosterone Levels: A multifaceted approach, including lifestyle changes and diet adjustments, can potentially help balance testosterone levels and mitigate its effects on individuals with PCOS.¹

 

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common hormone-related conditions in women of childbearing age.² Among the most common concerns associated with PCOS is hormonal imbalance, particularly involving testosterone levels.¹ 

In this article, we'll explore what constitutes normal versus excessive testosterone levels in PCOS, and how effective management can lead to healthier, more fulfilling lives.

 

 

How PCOS Affects Hormone Levels

First off, what is PCOS? Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a multifaceted hormonal disorder that affects women of reproductive age, disrupting normal hormone levels and causing a diverse array of symptoms.²  

The Role Of Testosterone

Many women with PCOS tend to have higher levels of testosterone and another hormone called androstenedione. When these hormone levels are too high, it can be linked to other health problems like high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and extra belly fat (aka PCOS belly). This means that hormone imbalances in PCOS may affect more than just the reproductive system—they can also impact a woman’s overall health.² This hormone imbalance in PCOS often causes missed or irregular periods, one of the common signs of high testosterone.¹ 

Insulin And Hormonal Interplay

Along with high testosterone, many women with PCOS also have insulin resistance. This means their bodies don’t use insulin properly, which can lead to higher blood sugar levels. The study found that women with more testosterone also had higher insulin levels, showing a connection between hormone problems and how the body handles sugar in PCOS.² 

Impact On Estrogen Levels

Estrogen, another crucial hormone, is also often impacted by PCOS, with PCOS leading to abnormal estrogen activity.¹ Fluctuating estrogen levels can make mood swings worse and affect overall reproductive health, which some people with PCOS may notice.³

Symptoms Of Elevated Testosterone

Elevated testosterone levels in women are often associated with a range of symptoms that may affect both physical appearance and overall well-being.⁴ Here are some common indicators:

1. Hirsutism: One of the more visible signs of elevated testosterone is hirsutism, which is excessive hair growth in areas where men typically grow hair, such as the face, chest, and back.⁴ This can be distressing and impact self-esteem.
2. Acne and Oily Skin: Increased testosterone can lead to an overproduction of sebum, resulting in acne and oily skin.⁴ This is particularly common around the jawline and lower face.
3. Irregular Menstrual Cycles: Hormonal imbalances, including high levels of testosterone, can disrupt your menstrual cycle, causing irregular periods or even amenorrhea (absence of menstruation).⁴
4. Mood Changes: Testosterone fluctuations may contribute to mood swings, increased irritability, and even signs of depression or anxiety.⁴
5. Weight Gain: Women with PCOS, especially those with higher levels of free testosterone and androstenedione, tend to have higher body mass index (BMI) and more abdominal (belly) fat.² 

 

 

Health Risks Of Elevated Testosterone

Physical Health Implications

• Irregular menstrual cycles: Elevated testosterone can disrupt the normal menstrual cycle, causing irregular or absent periods.⁵
• Infertility: Elevated testosterone levels potentially can lead to fertility problems. For those looking to start or expand their families, understanding and managing testosterone levels becomes essential.⁵ 
• Hirsutism: Excessive hair growth, known as hirsutism, is another common result of high testosterone levels in women. This condition can lead to the growth of coarse hair in areas more typical for men, such as the face, chest, and back.⁵ 
• Acne and skin changes: Testosterone can lead to increased oil production, contributing to acne outbreaks. Along with acne, some may experience other skin changes that can impact confidence and lead to ongoing skin care challenges.⁵
• Weight gain and obesity: There’s a link between high testosterone levels and weight gain. Many women with PCOS have a hard time managing their weight, especially around the belly. Higher testosterone can make this worse and is also tied to other health problems, like trouble using insulin properly.² 

Emotional And Psychological Effects

• Depression: Studies suggest that women with PCOS may have a higher chance of developing symptoms of depression.⁶
• Decreased Libido: Elevated levels of testosterone can disrupt the body’s hormonal feedback loops. This can lead to a reduced sex drive.⁴ 
• Increased Anxiety: Women with PCOS may experience emotional symptoms such as anxiety.⁶

Monitoring Hormone Levels Over Time

Understanding how your body works is important when you have PCOS, because hormone levels can affect how you feel. Keeping an eye on your hormones—especially testosterone—can help you notice changes and make smart choices about how to take care of your health.

Empowered with this information, you can better tailor your lifestyle and dietary choices, and alongside your healthcare provider, adjust any treatments for maximum efficacy. Tools like regular blood tests can help spot trends and provide a clearer picture of what "normal" means for you.⁴

Keeping track of your health isn’t just about medical tests. Writing down your symptoms, what you eat, and your daily habits can help you see patterns and understand how your body reacts to different changes.

Health-Focused Options For Managing Testosterone Levels

Managing testosterone levels in women with PCOS often requires a holistic approach that not only targets hormone wellness but also supports overall well-being. Here are some treatment options that women can consider:

Lifestyle Modifications

A healthy lifestyle plays an important role in managing PCOS symptoms, including high testosterone levels. Regular exercise and eating well can help improve hormone balance. Making changes to your daily habits, like being active and choosing nutritious foods, can support overall health in people with PCOS. These steps are a key part of treatment and can make a real difference over time.¹

 

Personalized Support

Each woman’s journey with PCOS is unique. That’s why it’s important for women to reach out to their support system for guidance, tips, and community as they navigate life with PCOS and the symptoms that come along with it. 

Mind-Body Techniques

Stress management techniques like mindfulness may help lower anxiety and mental restlessness before bed, which could be helpful for women with PCOS.⁷ 

Seek Professional Guidance

It's vital to work closely with healthcare professionals to determine the best course of action tailored to your specific needs. By adopting a collaborative approach, you can ensure that your chosen treatments effectively support your journey toward hormonal balance and improved quality of life.

Final Thoughts

Understanding and managing testosterone levels in PCOS is a vital step towards achieving better hormonal health. Remember, what’s deemed “normal” for testosterone levels can vary from person to person, depending on gender and additional factors set by the lab that is doing the testing.⁸ The key is teaming up with healthcare professionals and consulting trusted resources, so that you can make more informed choices about your health as you navigate your PCOS journey.

Let's move beyond the challenges of PCOS together—towards a path of balanced health, clarity, and renewed vitality. 

Read also:

• Understanding PCOS: What It Is, Why It Happens And What You Can Do 
• Does PCOS Make You Tired? Here’s Why You’re Exhausted 
• What Is PCOS Belly?

 

Frequently Asked Questions About Testosterone In PCOS

What is PCOS and how does it relate to testosterone levels?

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder common among women of reproductive age.² It is characterized by elevated levels of androgens, including testosterone, which can disrupt the regularity and function of the ovaries.² Heightened testosterone levels can lead to a range of symptoms and health concerns.⁴

How does testosterone affect women with PCOS?

Testosterone is an androgen hormone that, when unbalanced in women with PCOS, can contribute to symptoms such as excess hair growth, weight gain, acne, and irregular menstrual cycles. ¹

What are the normal testosterone levels for women with PCOS?

While testosterone levels can vary, women with PCOS often have higher than normal levels. Generally, a normal range for testosterone in women is between 15 and 70 nanograms per deciliter (ng/dL).⁸ However, women with PCOS may exhibit levels that exceed this range, contributing to their symptoms.²

What symptoms indicate abnormal testosterone levels in PCOS?

Symptoms of abnormal testosterone levels in PCOS include excessive hair growth on the face and body (hirsutism), acne, irregular menstrual cycles, and fertility problems.⁵ These symptoms can vary in severity, depending on how elevated the androgen levels are.

How do high testosterone levels impact fertility in PCOS?

High testosterone levels can impede regular ovulation, leading to irregular menstrual cycles or anovulation, where the ovary does not release an egg.⁹ This disruption can significantly affect fertility, making it more difficult for women with PCOS to become pregnant without medical intervention or lifestyle changes.¹

Can PCOS cause low testosterone levels?

PCOS is typically associated with elevated testosterone levels rather than low.⁵ It's crucial for those experiencing symptoms of PCOS to have comprehensive testing to understand their hormonal balance fully.

 

Disclaimer

Sources: 

1. Singh S, Pal N, Shubham S, Sarma DK, Verma V, Marotta F, Kumar M. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Etiology, Current Management, and Future Therapeutics. J Clin Med. 2023 Feb 11;12(4):1454. doi: 10.3390/jcm12041454. PMID: 36835989; PMCID: PMC9964744.
2. Lerchbaum, Elisabeth, et al. "Hyperandrogenemia in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Exploration of the Role of Free Testosterone and Androstenedione in Metabolic Phenotype." PLOS ONE, vol. 9, no. 10, 2014, e108263. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0108263
3. Cleveland Clinic. (2022, August 2). Estrogen: Hormone, Function, Levels & Imbalances. Cleveland Clinic; Cleveland Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/22353-estrogen
4. Signs of High Testosterone: 28 Signs in Men and Women. (2019, November 7). Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/health/signs-of-high-testosterone#signs-in-people-with-penises
5. Yuan, Pan, et al. “The Role of Androgen and Its Related Signals in PCOS.” International Journal of Molecular Sciences, vol. 22, no. 4, 2021, p. 1838. National Center for Biotechnology Information, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7882969/. 
6. Barry, John A et al. “Testosterone and mood dysfunction in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome compared to subfertile controls.” Journal of psychosomatic obstetrics and gynaecology vol. 32,2 (2011): 104-11. doi:10.3109/0167482X.2011.568129
7. Fernandez RC, Moore VM, Van Ryswyk EM, Varcoe TJ, Rodgers RJ, March WA, Moran LJ, Avery JC, McEvoy RD, Davies MJ. Sleep disturbances in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: prevalence, pathophysiology, impact and management strategies. Nat Sci Sleep. 2018 Feb 1;10:45-64. doi: 10.2147/NSS.S127475. PMID: 29440941; PMCID: PMC5799701.
8. Mount Sinai. (2022). Testosterone Information | Mount Sinai - New York. Mount Sinai Health System. https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/tests/testosterone
9. Cleveland Clinic. (2021, August 25). Anovulation: Signs, Symptoms, Causes & Treatment. Cleveland Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21698-anovulation